vault backup: 2026-04-22 10:10:19
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tags: [CS, TOOLS, Docker, 容器化]
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create time: 2026-04-21
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---
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# Docker 安装指南
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## 概述
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Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎,让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的容器中,然后发布到任何流行的 Linux 机器上,也可以实现虚拟化。容器是完全使用沙箱机制,相互之间不会有任何接口。
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## 系统要求
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- Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish)
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- 64-bit architecture
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- 内核版本 4.15 或更高版本
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## 安装步骤
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### 1. 更新系统包索引
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```bash
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sudo apt update
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```
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### 2. 安装必要的依赖包
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```bash
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sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release
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```
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### 3. 添加 Docker 官方 GPG 密钥
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```bash
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curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg
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```
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### 4. 添加 Docker APT 仓库
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```bash
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echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
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```
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### 5. 更新包索引
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```bash
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sudo apt update
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```
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### 6. 安装 Docker Engine
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```bash
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sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin
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```
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### 7. 启动并启用 Docker 服务
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```bash
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sudo systemctl start docker
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sudo systemctl enable docker
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```
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### 8. 将当前用户添加到 docker 组(可选,但推荐)
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```bash
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sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
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```
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> 请注意:执行此命令后,需要重新登录或运行 `newgrp docker` 命令使组成员身份生效。
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## 验证安装
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执行以下命令来验证 Docker 是否正确安装:
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```bash
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docker --version
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```
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运行一个简单的测试容器:
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```bash
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docker run hello-world
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```
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## 常用命令
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| 命令 | 说明 |
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|------|------|
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| `docker pull [镜像名]` | 拉取镜像 |
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| `docker run [镜像名]` | 运行容器 |
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| `docker ps` | 显示正在运行的容器 |
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| `docker ps -a` | 显示所有容器 |
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| `docker images` | 显示所有镜像 |
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| `docker stop [容器名/ID]` | 停止容器 |
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| `docker rm [容器名/ID]` | 删除容器 |
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| `docker rmi [镜像名/ID]` | 删除镜像 |
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## 后续操作
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- **Docker Compose**:如果您需要使用 Docker Compose,在安装 Docker 时已包含,可直接使用
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- **配置 Docker**:可以修改 `/etc/docker/daemon.json` 文件进行配置
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## 安全说明
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- 不要使用 root 用户运行 Docker
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- 为非 root 用户添加 docker 组时要小心,因为该用户将具有 root 权限
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- 定期更新 Docker 和容器镜像
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## 故障排除
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### 权限问题
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如果遇到权限问题,确保当前用户已被添加到 docker 组中:
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```bash
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sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
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```
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然后注销并重新登录。
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### 服务启动失败
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如果 Docker 服务无法启动,可以检查其状态:
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```bash
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sudo systemctl status docker
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```
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## 参考资料
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- [Docker 官方安装指南](https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/)
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- [Ubuntu 24.04 Docker 安装文档](https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/container-docker)
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