diff --git a/.dockerignore b/.dockerignore
index 6054892..b97b965 100644
--- a/.dockerignore
+++ b/.dockerignore
@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@ node_modules
 frontend/node_modules
 frontend/dist
 backend/bin
+backend/.env
 .git
diff --git a/deploy.sh b/deploy.sh
index cfd59fc..32683da 100755
--- a/deploy.sh
+++ b/deploy.sh
@@ -31,7 +31,22 @@ else
     cd "$INSTALL_DIR"
 fi
 
-# 3. 构建并启动
+# 3. 环境变量检查
+ENV_FILE="$INSTALL_DIR/backend/.env"
+ENV_EXAMPLE="$INSTALL_DIR/backend/.env.example"
+if [ ! -f "$ENV_FILE" ]; then
+    if [ -f "$ENV_EXAMPLE" ]; then
+        echo "==> 未找到 backend/.env，已从 .env.example 复制模板"
+        cp "$ENV_EXAMPLE" "$ENV_FILE"
+        echo "    请编辑 $ENV_FILE 填入实际配置后重新运行本脚本"
+        exit 0
+    else
+        echo "错误: backend/.env 和 .env.example 均不存在，请手动创建"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+fi
+
+# 4. 构建并启动
 echo "==> 构建并启动 Docker 容器..."
 if docker compose version &>/dev/null; then
     COMPOSE_CMD="docker compose"
diff --git a/docker-compose.yml b/docker-compose.yml
index 83e764d..aa15cf3 100644
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@ services:
     build:
       context: ./backend
       dockerfile: Dockerfile
+    env_file:
+      - ./backend/.env
     environment:
       - GEN2D_MODE=release
-      - GEN2D_PORT=8080
     volumes:
       - backend-data:/data
     expose: