diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index bc4fa7d..c383bd1 100755
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -26,3 +26,5 @@ backend/main
 
 # Generated output
 generation/
+backend/test_output/
+backend/test_prompt_to_gif
diff --git a/backend/cmd/main.go b/backend/cmd/main.go
index 967a175..5d06703 100755
--- a/backend/cmd/main.go
+++ b/backend/cmd/main.go
@@ -44,6 +44,11 @@ func main() {
 	// 初始化项目服务
 	service.InitProjectService(db.GetDB())
 
+	// 初始化生成任务队列（FIFO 串行执行）
+	generateQueue := service.NewTaskQueue()
+	handler.SetGenerateQueue(generateQueue)
+	defer generateQueue.Stop()
+
 	r := gin.New()
 	r.Use(mildware.Logger())
 	r.Use(mildware.Recovery())
diff --git a/backend/internal/handler/generate.go b/backend/internal/handler/generate.go
index 7e877d4..936a972 100755
--- a/backend/internal/handler/generate.go
+++ b/backend/internal/handler/generate.go
@@ -16,6 +16,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 )
 
+// generateQueue 全局生成任务队列，由 main 通过 SetGenerateQueue 注入。
+var generateQueue *service.TaskQueue
+
+// SetGenerateQueue 设置生成任务队列。
+func SetGenerateQueue(q *service.TaskQueue) {
+	generateQueue = q
+}
+
 // GenerateRequest 素材生成请求。
 type GenerateRequest struct {
 	ProjectID    string            `json:"projectId"`
@@ -43,7 +51,7 @@ type AssetsResponse struct {
 }
 
 // Generate 素材生成接口（异步）。
-// 立即返回 taskId，后台执行管线，前端通过 GET /tasks/:taskId 轮询进度。
+// 立即返回 taskId，任务进入 FIFO 队列串行执行，前端通过 GET /tasks/:taskId 轮询进度。
 func Generate(c *gin.Context) {
 	var req GenerateRequest
 	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); err != nil {
@@ -57,18 +65,29 @@ func Generate(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 	taskID := fmt.Sprintf("task-%d", time.Now().UnixMilli())
 
-	// 保存任务到数据库
+	// 保存任务到数据库，初始状态为 pending
 	if err := saveTaskToDB(c.Request.Context(), projectID, taskID, req); err != nil {
 		logger.FromCtx(c.Request.Context()).Error("failed to save task", "error", err)
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, model.Fail(http.StatusInternalServerError, "创建任务失败"))
 		return
 	}
 
-	// 返回 taskId
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, model.OK(GenerateResponse{TaskID: taskID}))
+	// 加入 FIFO 队列
+	queuePos := 1
+	if generateQueue != nil {
+		queuePos = generateQueue.Enqueue(&service.TaskJob{
+			Ctx:       context.Background(),
+			ProjectID: projectID,
+			TaskID:    taskID,
+			Execute: func(ctx context.Context) error {
+				runPipelineBg(ctx, projectID, taskID, req)
+				return nil
+			},
+		})
+	}
 
-	// 后台执行管线
-	go runPipelineBg(c.Request.Context(), projectID, taskID, req)
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, model.OK(GenerateResponse{TaskID: taskID}))
+	_ = queuePos
 }
 
 // runPipelineBg 后台执行生成管线，更新任务状态。
@@ -82,6 +101,7 @@ func runPipelineBg(ctx context.Context, projectID, taskID string, req GenerateRe
 		updateTaskInDB(ctx, taskID, "running", stage, "", progress)
 	})
 
+	// 队列调度后才标记为 running，初始写入时是 pending
 	updateTaskInDB(ctx, taskID, "running", "prompt_builder", "", 5)
 
 	in := service.PipelineInput{
@@ -240,9 +260,9 @@ func saveTaskToDB(ctx context.Context, projectID, taskID string, req GenerateReq
 		ProjectID:  uint(projectIDUint),
 		Prompt:     req.Prompt,
 		AssetType:  req.AssetType,
-		Status:     "running",
-		Progress:   5,
-		Stage:      "prompt_builder",
+		Status:     "pending",
+		Progress:   0,
+		Stage:      "",
 		RetryCount: 0,
 		CreatedAt:  time.Now(),
 		UpdatedAt:  time.Now(),
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/nodes.go b/backend/internal/service/nodes.go
index c64156d..ce7c847 100755
--- a/backend/internal/service/nodes.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/nodes.go
@@ -1,17 +1,23 @@
 package service
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"image/png"
 	"strings"
 
+	"gen2d/internal/logger"
+	"gen2d/pkg/gifmaker"
+	"gen2d/pkg/splitsprite"
+
 	"github.com/cloudwego/eino/compose"
 )
 
-// promptOptimizerNode 节点：调用 PromptAgent 生成规范提示词，合并风格与重试信息。
-// 输入 PipelineInput，输出最终提示词字符串（直接供 AssetGenerator 消费）。
+// promptOptimizerNode 节点：合并风格描述、重试信息与技术参数，输出最终提示词。
+// 提示词优化已由前端在提交前完成，管线内不再重复调用 PromptAgent。
 var promptOptimizerNode = compose.InvokableLambda(func(ctx context.Context, in PipelineInput) (string, error) {
-	// 合并风格描述，注入原始 Prompt 中
+	// 合并风格描述
 	styleDesc := buildStyleDescription(in.ProjectStyle, in.TaskStyle)
 	if styleDesc != "" {
 		if in.Prompt != "" {
@@ -30,26 +36,11 @@ var promptOptimizerNode = compose.InvokableLambda(func(ctx context.Context, in P
 		}
 	}
 
-	if len(in.Tags) == 0 && in.Prompt == "" {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("pipeline: Prompt and Tags are both empty")
+	if in.Prompt == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("pipeline: prompt is empty")
 	}
 
-	// 有标签时调用 PromptAgent 优化提示词
-	if len(in.Tags) > 0 {
-		agentIn := PromptAgentInput{
-			Tags:      in.Tags,
-			AssetType: in.AssetType,
-			Prompt:    in.Prompt,
-			UserNote:  in.UserNote,
-		}
-		output, err := RunPromptAgent(ctx, agentIn)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("prompt agent: %w", err)
-		}
-		return output.Prompt, nil
-	}
-
-	// 无标签时直接使用原始 Prompt，补上技术参数段
+	// 追加技术参数段，不再调用 PromptAgent
 	return appendTechNotes(in.Prompt, in.AssetType, in.Params), nil
 })
 
@@ -127,7 +118,7 @@ var qualitySupervisorNode = compose.InvokableLambda(func(ctx context.Context, im
 	return input, nil
 })
 
-// formatAdapterNode 节点：从 state 读取图片，格式转换，组装输出。
+// formatAdapterNode 节点：精灵表格式时调用 splitsprite 拆分 + gifmaker 生成 GIF 预览。
 var formatAdapterNode = compose.InvokableLambda(func(ctx context.Context, input PipelineInput) (PipelineOutput, error) {
 	var images []GeneratedImage
 	_ = compose.ProcessState[*PipelineState](ctx, func(_ context.Context, state *PipelineState) error {
@@ -135,6 +126,18 @@ var formatAdapterNode = compose.InvokableLambda(func(ctx context.Context, input
 		return nil
 	})
 
+	params := input.Params
+	resolution := params.Resolution
+	if resolution <= 0 {
+		resolution = 64
+	}
+
+	// 精灵表模式：单张图时拆分 + GIF 预览；多图时已是独立帧，透传
+	if params.Format == "spritesheet" && len(images) == 1 {
+		return processSpriteSheet(ctx, images[0], params, resolution)
+	}
+
+	// 普通模式：原样透传
 	assets := make([]Asset, len(images))
 	for i, img := range images {
 		assets[i] = Asset{
@@ -144,23 +147,79 @@ var formatAdapterNode = compose.InvokableLambda(func(ctx context.Context, input
 		}
 	}
 
-	resolution := input.Params.Resolution
-	if resolution <= 0 {
-		resolution = 64
+	return PipelineOutput{
+		Assets: assets,
+		Metadata: AssetMetadata{
+			FrameWidth:  resolution,
+			FrameHeight: resolution,
+			FrameCount:  len(images),
+			Directions:  params.Frames.Directions,
+		},
+	}, nil
+})
+
+// processSpriteSheet 将单张精灵表拆分为独立帧并生成 GIF 预览。
+func processSpriteSheet(ctx context.Context, img GeneratedImage, params AssetParams, resolution int) (PipelineOutput, error) {
+	l := logger.FromCtx(ctx)
+	src, err := png.Decode(bytes.NewReader(img.Data))
+	if err != nil {
+		l.Error("format_adapter decode sprite sheet failed", "error", err)
+		return PipelineOutput{}, fmt.Errorf("decode sprite sheet: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	metadata := AssetMetadata{
-		FrameWidth:  resolution,
-		FrameHeight: resolution,
-		FrameCount:  len(images),
-		Directions:  input.Params.Frames.Directions,
+	opts := splitsprite.DefaultOptions()
+	if params.GridRows > 0 && params.GridCols > 0 {
+		opts.GridRows = params.GridRows
+		opts.GridCols = params.GridCols
+	}
+
+	frames, err := splitsprite.Process(src, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		l.Error("format_adapter split sprite sheet failed", "error", err)
+		return PipelineOutput{}, fmt.Errorf("split sprite sheet: %w", err)
+	}
+	l.Info("format_adapter split sprite sheet", "frame_count", len(frames))
+
+	// 帧 → Asset
+	assets := make([]Asset, 0, len(frames))
+	for i, f := range frames {
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		if err := png.Encode(&buf, f); err != nil {
+			l.Error("format_adapter encode frame failed", "error", err)
+			return PipelineOutput{}, fmt.Errorf("encode frame %d: %w", i, err)
+		}
+		assets = append(assets, Asset{
+			Data:   buf.Bytes(),
+			Format: "png",
+			URL:    fmt.Sprintf("output/frame_%03d.png", i),
+		})
+	}
+
+	// GIF 预览
+	var gifBuf bytes.Buffer
+	if err := gifmaker.Encode(&gifBuf, frames, nil); err != nil {
+		l.Warn("format_adapter generate GIF preview failed", "error", err)
+	} else {
+		l.Info("format_adapter generated GIF preview", "size_bytes", gifBuf.Len())
+	}
+
+	fw, fh := 0, 0
+	if len(frames) > 0 {
+		b := frames[0].Bounds()
+		fw, fh = b.Dx(), b.Dy()
 	}
 
 	return PipelineOutput{
-		Assets:   assets,
-		Metadata: metadata,
+		Assets: assets,
+		Metadata: AssetMetadata{
+			FrameWidth:  fw,
+			FrameHeight: fh,
+			FrameCount:  len(frames),
+			Directions:  params.Frames.Directions,
+			GIFPreview:  gifBuf.Bytes(),
+		},
 	}, nil
-})
+}
 
 // buildStyleDescription 将风格键值对转为自然语言描述，供 PromptAgent 注入。
 func buildStyleDescription(projectStyle, taskStyle map[string]string) string {
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/prompt_agent.go b/backend/internal/service/prompt_agent.go
index f3e64ce..379cbbf 100755
--- a/backend/internal/service/prompt_agent.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/prompt_agent.go
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ func InitLLMConfig(cfg config.LLMConfig) {
 
 // PromptAgentInput 提示词优化 Agent 输入。
 type PromptAgentInput struct {
-	Tags      []string `json:"tags"`              // 用户选择的标签
+	Tags      []string `json:"tags"`               // 用户选择的标签
 	AssetType string   `json:"assetType"`          // 素材类型：sprite/background/ui/animation
 	Prompt    string   `json:"prompt,omitempty"`   // 用户原始提示词
 	UserNote  string   `json:"userNote,omitempty"` // 用户额外描述
@@ -89,7 +89,24 @@ func buildMetaPrompt(in PromptAgentInput) string {
 	sb.WriteString("输出要求：\n")
 	sb.WriteString("1. 三段式结构：【主题】描述画面主体与场景,【风格】描述艺术风格与视觉特征,【技术】描述分辨率、方向数等技术参数\n")
 	sb.WriteString("2. 使用专业术语，描述具体、可执行\n")
-	sb.WriteString("3. 风格一致，适合游戏资产管线\n\n")
+	sb.WriteString("3. 风格一致，适合游戏资产管线\n")
+	sb.WriteString("4. 根据用户标签和描述，识别素材布局模式，在【技术】段明确标注格式：\n")
+	sb.WriteString("   *** 关键：帧间间隙必须留足8-16px纯白色(#FFFFFF)空白区域，间隙内不得有任何像素，确保投影法能可靠检测到间隙 ***\n")
+	switch in.AssetType {
+	case "sprite":
+		sb.WriteString("   - 单个精灵(默认)：独立PNG，纯白色背景(#FFFFFF)，描述为单个角色立绘/道具图标\n")
+		sb.WriteString("   - 精灵表(spritesheet)：角色/道具按行列等距网格排列，纯白色背景(#FFFFFF)，帧间留8-16px纯白间隙（无像素残留），标注行列数\n")
+	case "background":
+		sb.WriteString("   - 独立场景(默认)：单张完整背景图，层次分明\n")
+		sb.WriteString("   - 场景瓦片集(tileset)：地形/建筑元件按规则网格排列，纯白色背景(#FFFFFF)，元件间留8-16px纯白间隙，标注行列数与瓦片尺寸\n")
+	case "ui":
+		sb.WriteString("   - 独立UI元素(默认)：单个按钮/面板/图标，纯白色背景(#FFFFFF)，独立PNG\n")
+		sb.WriteString("   - UI瓦片集(tileset)：UI元件按规则网格排列，纯白色背景(#FFFFFF)，元件间留8-16px纯白间隙，标注行列数，支持九宫格缩放\n")
+	case "animation":
+		sb.WriteString("   - 帧序列(默认)：连续动画帧，独立帧文件或帧条带，纯白色背景(#FFFFFF)\n")
+		sb.WriteString("   - 动画精灵表(spritesheet)：动画帧按行列等距网格排列，纯白色背景(#FFFFFF)，帧间留8-16px纯白间隙（无像素残留），标注行列数与方向数\n")
+	}
+	sb.WriteString("\n\n")
 
 	tagStr := strings.Join(in.Tags, "、")
 	sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("用户选择标签: %s\n", tagStr))
@@ -242,12 +259,13 @@ func parseStreamResponse(r io.Reader) (string, error) {
 // ======================== 模板回退 ========================
 
 func fallbackRefine(metaPrompt string) PromptAgentOutput {
-	tags, assetType := parseTagsFromMeta(metaPrompt)
-	prompt := generateStructuredPrompt(tags, assetType)
+	tags, assetType, userPrompt := parseTagsFromMeta(metaPrompt)
+	isSheet := isSheetRequest(tags, userPrompt)
+	prompt := generateStructuredPrompt(tags, assetType, isSheet)
 	return PromptAgentOutput{Prompt: prompt, RawText: prompt}
 }
 
-func parseTagsFromMeta(meta string) (tags []string, assetType string) {
+func parseTagsFromMeta(meta string) (tags []string, assetType string, userPrompt string) {
 	lines := strings.Split(meta, "\n")
 	for _, line := range lines {
 		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "用户选择标签:") {
@@ -262,34 +280,69 @@ func parseTagsFromMeta(meta string) (tags []string, assetType string) {
 		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "素材类型:") {
 			assetType = strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(line, "素材类型: "))
 		}
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "用户原始描述:") {
+			userPrompt = strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(line, "用户原始描述: "))
+		}
 	}
 	return
 }
 
-func generateStructuredPrompt(tags []string, assetType string) string {
+// isSheetRequest 从标签和提示词中识别是否为网格/瓦片集/精灵表模式。
+func isSheetRequest(tags []string, prompt string) bool {
+	keywords := []string{"精灵表", "spritesheet", "瓦片集", "tileset", "tilemap"}
+	for _, t := range tags {
+		tLower := strings.ToLower(t)
+		for _, kw := range keywords {
+			if strings.Contains(tLower, kw) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	promptLower := strings.ToLower(prompt)
+	for _, kw := range keywords {
+		if strings.Contains(promptLower, kw) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func generateStructuredPrompt(tags []string, assetType string, isSheet bool) string {
 	var sb strings.Builder
 	sb.WriteString("【主题】")
-	sb.WriteString(buildSubject(tags, assetType))
+	sb.WriteString(buildSubject(tags, assetType, isSheet))
 	sb.WriteString("\n")
 	sb.WriteString("【风格】")
 	sb.WriteString(buildStyle(tags))
 	sb.WriteString("\n")
 	sb.WriteString("【技术】")
-	sb.WriteString(buildTechNotes(assetType))
+	sb.WriteString(buildTechNotes(assetType, isSheet))
 	sb.WriteString("\n")
 	return sb.String()
 }
 
-func buildSubject(tags []string, assetType string) string {
+func buildSubject(tags []string, assetType string, isSheet bool) string {
 	tagStr := strings.Join(tags, "、")
 	switch assetType {
 	case "sprite":
+		if isSheet {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("一个融合%s元素的游戏角色精灵表，角色按行列等距网格排列，轮廓清晰，适合作为2D游戏角色", tagStr)
+		}
 		return fmt.Sprintf("一个融合%s元素的游戏角色精灵图，正面站立姿势，轮廓清晰，适合作为2D游戏角色", tagStr)
 	case "background":
+		if isSheet {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("一套%s风格的游戏场景瓦片集，地形/建筑元件按规则网格排列，适合2D游戏地图拼接", tagStr)
+		}
 		return fmt.Sprintf("一个%s风格的游戏场景背景，层次分明，包含前景、中景和远景", tagStr)
 	case "ui":
+		if isSheet {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("一套%s风格的UI瓦片集，UI元件按规则网格排列，适合脚本一键拆分", tagStr)
+		}
 		return fmt.Sprintf("一套%s风格的游戏UI元素，包括按钮、面板和图标", tagStr)
 	case "animation":
+		if isSheet {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("一个%s风格的角色动画精灵表，动画帧按行列等距网格排列，动作流畅连贯", tagStr)
+		}
 		return fmt.Sprintf("一个%s风格的角色动画帧序列，动作流畅连贯", tagStr)
 	default:
 		return fmt.Sprintf("一个%s风格的游戏素材，高质量，适合2D游戏使用", tagStr)
@@ -304,17 +357,29 @@ func buildStyle(tags []string) string {
 	return strings.Join(parts, "；")
 }
 
-func buildTechNotes(assetType string) string {
+func buildTechNotes(assetType string, isSheet bool) string {
 	switch assetType {
 	case "sprite":
-		return "输出格式: spritesheet；分辨率: 64x64 或 128x128；透明背景"
+		if isSheet {
+			return "输出格式: spritesheet；帧间留8-16px纯白间隙（间隙内无任何像素），行/列间隙完全相等；纯白色背景(#FFFFFF，无渐变无噪点)；标注行列数"
+		}
+		return "输出格式: 独立PNG；纯白色背景(#FFFFFF)；尺寸: 按角色比例适配"
 	case "background":
+		if isSheet {
+			return "输出格式: 场景瓦片集(tileset)；规则网格排列；纯白色背景(#FFFFFF)；元件间留8-16px纯白间隙；标注行列数与瓦片尺寸；确保无缝拼接"
+		}
 		return "输出格式: 独立PNG；分辨率: 1920x1080；层次分明的前中后景"
 	case "ui":
-		return "输出格式: 独立PNG素材；分辨率: 按元素适配；支持九宫格缩放"
+		if isSheet {
+			return "输出格式: UI瓦片集(tileset)；规则网格排列；纯白色背景(#FFFFFF)；元件间留8-16px纯白间隙；标注行列数；支持九宫格缩放；可脚本一键拆分"
+		}
+		return "输出格式: 独立PNG素材；纯白色背景(#FFFFFF)；分辨率: 按元素适配；支持九宫格缩放"
 	case "animation":
-		return "输出格式: spritesheet或帧序列；建议4方向x4帧；透明背景"
+		if isSheet {
+			return "输出格式: 动画精灵表(spritesheet)；帧间留8-16px纯白间隙（间隙内无任何像素），行/列间隙相等；纯白色背景(#FFFFFF，无渐变无噪点)；标注行列数与方向数"
+		}
+		return "输出格式: 帧序列或帧条带；独立帧文件；纯白色背景(#FFFFFF)；建议4方向x4帧"
 	default:
-		return "输出格式: PNG；分辨率: 标准2D游戏分辨率"
+		return "输出格式: PNG；纯白色背景(#FFFFFF)；分辨率: 标准2D游戏分辨率"
 	}
 }
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/prompt_agent_test.go b/backend/internal/service/prompt_agent_test.go
index f805286..b0052c9 100755
--- a/backend/internal/service/prompt_agent_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/prompt_agent_test.go
@@ -31,14 +31,30 @@ func TestRunPromptAgent_Fallback(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestRunPromptAgent_Sprite(t *testing.T) {
 	output, err := RunPromptAgent(context.Background(), PromptAgentInput{
-		Tags:      []string{"像素", "中世纪", "战士"},
+		Tags:      []string{"像素", "中世纪", "战士", "精灵表"},
 		AssetType: "sprite",
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("RunPromptAgent failed: %v", err)
 	}
 	if !strings.Contains(output.Prompt, "spritesheet") {
-		t.Errorf("sprite output should mention spritesheet: %s", output.Prompt)
+		t.Errorf("sprite sheet output should mention spritesheet: %s", output.Prompt)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunPromptAgent_SpriteSingle(t *testing.T) {
+	output, err := RunPromptAgent(context.Background(), PromptAgentInput{
+		Tags:      []string{"像素", "中世纪", "战士"},
+		AssetType: "sprite",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("RunPromptAgent failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(output.Prompt, "纯白色背景") {
+		t.Errorf("single sprite output should mention 纯白色背景: %s", output.Prompt)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(output.Prompt, "spritesheet") {
+		t.Errorf("single sprite output should not mention spritesheet: %s", output.Prompt)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -251,8 +267,9 @@ func TestBuildMetaPrompt_NoUserNote(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestParseTagsFromMeta(t *testing.T) {
 	meta := `用户选择标签: 像素、中世纪、战士
-素材类型: sprite`
-	tags, assetType := parseTagsFromMeta(meta)
+素材类型: sprite
+用户原始描述: 一个持剑角色`
+	tags, assetType, userPrompt := parseTagsFromMeta(meta)
 	if len(tags) != 3 {
 		t.Fatalf("expected 3 tags, got %d: %v", len(tags), tags)
 	}
@@ -262,26 +279,29 @@ func TestParseTagsFromMeta(t *testing.T) {
 	if assetType != "sprite" {
 		t.Errorf("expected assetType=sprite, got %s", assetType)
 	}
+	if userPrompt != "一个持剑角色" {
+		t.Errorf("expected userPrompt='一个持剑角色', got %s", userPrompt)
+	}
 }
 
 func TestParseTagsFromMeta_SingleTag(t *testing.T) {
 	meta := `用户选择标签: 赛博朋克
 素材类型: background`
-	tags, _ := parseTagsFromMeta(meta)
+	tags, _, _ := parseTagsFromMeta(meta)
 	if len(tags) != 1 || tags[0] != "赛博朋克" {
 		t.Errorf("expected [赛博朋克], got %v", tags)
 	}
 }
 
 func TestParseTagsFromMeta_Empty(t *testing.T) {
-	tags, assetType := parseTagsFromMeta("no tags here")
+	tags, assetType, _ := parseTagsFromMeta("no tags here")
 	if len(tags) != 0 || assetType != "" {
 		t.Errorf("expected empty, got tags=%v assetType=%s", tags, assetType)
 	}
 }
 
 func TestGenerateStructuredPrompt(t *testing.T) {
-	prompt := generateStructuredPrompt([]string{"像素", "战士"}, "sprite")
+	prompt := generateStructuredPrompt([]string{"像素", "战士", "精灵表"}, "sprite", true)
 	if !strings.HasPrefix(prompt, "【主题】") {
 		t.Error("prompt should start with 【主题】")
 	}
@@ -293,21 +313,36 @@ func TestGenerateStructuredPrompt(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestGenerateStructuredPrompt_Single(t *testing.T) {
+	prompt := generateStructuredPrompt([]string{"像素", "战士"}, "sprite", false)
+	if !strings.Contains(prompt, "独立PNG") {
+		t.Errorf("single sprite should contain 独立PNG: %s", prompt)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(prompt, "spritesheet") {
+		t.Errorf("single sprite should not contain spritesheet: %s", prompt)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestBuildSubject(t *testing.T) {
 	tags := []string{"像素", "战士"}
 	tests := []struct {
 		assetType, want string
+		isSheet         bool
 	}{
-		{"sprite", "精灵图"},
-		{"background", "场景背景"},
-		{"ui", "UI元素"},
-		{"animation", "动画帧序列"},
-		{"unknown", "游戏素材"},
+		{"sprite", "精灵图", false},
+		{"sprite", "精灵表", true},
+		{"background", "场景背景", false},
+		{"background", "瓦片集", true},
+		{"ui", "UI元素", false},
+		{"ui", "瓦片集", true},
+		{"animation", "动画帧序列", false},
+		{"animation", "精灵表", true},
+		{"unknown", "游戏素材", false},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
-		result := buildSubject(tags, tt.assetType)
+		result := buildSubject(tags, tt.assetType, tt.isSheet)
 		if !strings.Contains(result, tt.want) {
-			t.Errorf("buildSubject(%q) = %s, want containing %q", tt.assetType, result, tt.want)
+			t.Errorf("buildSubject(%q, isSheet=%v) = %s, want containing %q", tt.assetType, tt.isSheet, result, tt.want)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -327,17 +362,48 @@ func TestBuildStyle(t *testing.T) {
 func TestBuildTechNotes(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		assetType, want string
+		isSheet         bool
 	}{
-		{"sprite", "spritesheet"},
-		{"background", "1920x1080"},
-		{"ui", "九宫格"},
-		{"animation", "4方向x4帧"},
-		{"unknown", "PNG"},
+		// 默认单人模式
+		{"sprite", "纯白色背景", false},
+		{"background", "1920x1080", false},
+		{"ui", "九宫格", false},
+		{"animation", "4方向x4帧", false},
+		{"unknown", "PNG", false},
+		// 瓦片集/精灵表模式
+		{"sprite", "spritesheet", true},
+		{"background", "tileset", true},
+		{"ui", "瓦片集", true},
+		{"animation", "spritesheet", true},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
-		result := buildTechNotes(tt.assetType)
+		result := buildTechNotes(tt.assetType, tt.isSheet)
 		if !strings.Contains(result, tt.want) {
-			t.Errorf("buildTechNotes(%q) = %s, want containing %q", tt.assetType, result, tt.want)
+			t.Errorf("buildTechNotes(%q, isSheet=%v) = %s, want containing %q", tt.assetType, tt.isSheet, result, tt.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsSheetRequest(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		tags   []string
+		prompt string
+		want   bool
+	}{
+		{[]string{"像素", "精灵表"}, "", true},
+		{[]string{"像素", "spritesheet"}, "", true},
+		{[]string{"地形", "瓦片集"}, "", true},
+		{[]string{"UI", "tileset"}, "", true},
+		{[]string{"场景", "tilemap"}, "", true},
+		{[]string{"像素", "战士"}, "", false},
+		{[]string{"像素"}, "生成一个精灵表", true},
+		{[]string{"森林"}, "场景瓦片集", true},
+		{nil, "", false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		got := isSheetRequest(tt.tags, tt.prompt)
+		if got != tt.want {
+			t.Errorf("isSheetRequest(tags=%v, prompt=%q) = %v, want %v", tt.tags, tt.prompt, got, tt.want)
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/queue.go b/backend/internal/service/queue.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea89ce0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/internal/service/queue.go
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+
+	"gen2d/internal/logger"
+)
+
+// TaskJob 队列中的任务。
+type TaskJob struct {
+	Ctx       context.Context
+	ProjectID string
+	TaskID    string
+	Execute   func(ctx context.Context) error
+}
+
+// TaskQueue 串行 FIFO 任务队列。
+type TaskQueue struct {
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	jobs    []*TaskJob
+	ready   chan struct{}
+	stop    chan struct{}
+	stopped bool
+}
+
+// NewTaskQueue 创建任务队列并启动调度协程。
+func NewTaskQueue() *TaskQueue {
+	q := &TaskQueue{
+		jobs:  make([]*TaskJob, 0),
+		ready: make(chan struct{}, 1),
+		stop:  make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+	go q.run()
+	return q
+}
+
+// Enqueue 将任务加入队尾，返回队列中的位置（1-based）。
+func (q *TaskQueue) Enqueue(job *TaskJob) int {
+	q.mu.Lock()
+	defer q.mu.Unlock()
+	q.jobs = append(q.jobs, job)
+	pos := len(q.jobs)
+	select {
+	case q.ready <- struct{}{}:
+	default:
+	}
+	return pos
+}
+
+// QueueLen 返回当前队列长度。
+func (q *TaskQueue) QueueLen() int {
+	q.mu.Lock()
+	defer q.mu.Unlock()
+	return len(q.jobs)
+}
+
+// Stop 优雅关闭队列。
+func (q *TaskQueue) Stop() {
+	q.mu.Lock()
+	defer q.mu.Unlock()
+	if !q.stopped {
+		q.stopped = true
+		close(q.stop)
+	}
+}
+
+func (q *TaskQueue) run() {
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-q.stop:
+			return
+		case <-q.ready:
+			q.processNext()
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (q *TaskQueue) processNext() {
+	q.mu.Lock()
+	if len(q.jobs) == 0 {
+		q.mu.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	job := q.jobs[0]
+	q.jobs = q.jobs[1:]
+	// 如果队列还有任务，重新发信号
+	if len(q.jobs) > 0 {
+		select {
+		case q.ready <- struct{}{}:
+		default:
+		}
+	}
+	q.mu.Unlock()
+
+	l := logger.With("task_id", job.TaskID, "project_id", job.ProjectID)
+	l.Info("task queue executing job", "queue_remaining", len(q.jobs))
+
+	if err := job.Execute(job.Ctx); err != nil {
+		l.Error("task job failed", "error", err)
+	} else {
+		l.Info("task job completed")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/types.go b/backend/internal/service/types.go
index 9db9f27..ee97c3c 100755
--- a/backend/internal/service/types.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/types.go
@@ -36,11 +36,14 @@ type AssetParams struct {
 	Resolution int
 	Frames     FrameParams
 	Format     string // "spritesheet" / "individual"
+	// GridRows / GridCols override projection-based split for sprite sheets.
+	GridRows int
+	GridCols int
 }
 
 // FrameParams 帧参数
 type FrameParams struct {
-	Directions        int
+	Directions         int
 	FramesPerDirection int
 }
 
@@ -65,4 +68,5 @@ type AssetMetadata struct {
 	FrameHeight int
 	FrameCount  int
 	Directions  int
+	GIFPreview  []byte `json:"-"` // animated GIF preview (not serialized)
 }
diff --git a/backend/pkg/gifmaker/gifmaker.go b/backend/pkg/gifmaker/gifmaker.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7eebccc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/pkg/gifmaker/gifmaker.go
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+// Package gifmaker encodes sprite animation frames into a GIF preview.
+//
+// Features:
+//   - Unified canvas: all frames normalized to the same dimensions
+//   - Transparent background: palette index 0 = fully transparent
+//   - DisposalBackground: each frame clears the previous one, no ghosting
+//
+// Pipeline integration:
+//
+//	frames, _ := splitsprite.Process(img, splitsprite.DefaultOptions())
+//	gifmaker.Save("preview.gif", frames, nil)
+package gifmaker
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"image"
+	"image/color"
+	"image/gif"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+)
+
+// Options configures GIF generation.
+type Options struct {
+	// Delay is the frame delay in 1/100s (default 10).
+	Delay int
+	// MaxColors is the maximum palette size (default 256).
+	MaxColors int
+}
+
+// DefaultOptions returns sensible defaults.
+func DefaultOptions() *Options {
+	return &Options{
+		Delay:     10,
+		MaxColors: 256,
+	}
+}
+
+// Save is a convenience wrapper that writes frames to a GIF file.
+func Save(path string, frames []image.Image, opts *Options) error {
+	f, err := os.Create(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create gif file: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	return Encode(f, frames, opts)
+}
+
+// Encode writes an animated GIF to w. All frames are normalized to a unified
+// canvas (max width/height across frames), the palette starts with a
+// transparent color, and DisposalBackground prevents inter-frame ghosting.
+func Encode(w io.Writer, frames []image.Image, opts *Options) error {
+	if len(frames) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no frames to encode")
+	}
+	if opts == nil {
+		opts = DefaultOptions()
+	}
+	delay := opts.Delay
+	if delay <= 0 {
+		delay = 10
+	}
+	maxColors := opts.MaxColors
+	if maxColors <= 0 || maxColors > 256 {
+		maxColors = 256
+	}
+
+	// Unified canvas
+	maxW, maxH := 0, 0
+	for _, f := range frames {
+		b := f.Bounds()
+		if b.Dx() > maxW {
+			maxW = b.Dx()
+		}
+		if b.Dy() > maxH {
+			maxH = b.Dy()
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Palette with transparent at index 0
+	pal := color.Palette{color.RGBA{0, 0, 0, 0}}
+	seen := make(map[color.RGBA]bool)
+	for _, fr := range frames {
+		b := fr.Bounds()
+		for y := b.Min.Y; y < b.Max.Y; y += 3 {
+			for x := b.Min.X; x < b.Max.X; x += 3 {
+				r, g, bl, a := fr.At(x, y).RGBA()
+				c := color.RGBA{uint8(r >> 8), uint8(g >> 8), uint8(bl >> 8), uint8(a >> 8)}
+				if !seen[c] && len(pal) < maxColors-1 {
+					seen[c] = true
+					pal = append(pal, c)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	anim := &gif.GIF{
+		Config: image.Config{Width: maxW, Height: maxH},
+	}
+
+	for _, frame := range frames {
+		pl := image.NewPaletted(image.Rect(0, 0, maxW, maxH), pal)
+		// Manually map pixels: transparent → index 0, colored → nearest palette
+		b := frame.Bounds()
+		for y := 0; y < maxH; y++ {
+			for x := 0; x < maxW; x++ {
+				sx := x + b.Min.X
+				sy := y + b.Min.Y
+				if sx < b.Max.X && sy < b.Max.Y {
+					r, g, bl, a := frame.At(sx, sy).RGBA()
+					if a > 0 {
+						c := color.RGBA{uint8(r >> 8), uint8(g >> 8), uint8(bl >> 8), uint8(a >> 8)}
+						pl.Set(x, y, c)
+					}
+					// else: stays at index 0 (transparent)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		anim.Image = append(anim.Image, pl)
+		anim.Delay = append(anim.Delay, delay)
+		anim.Disposal = append(anim.Disposal, gif.DisposalBackground)
+	}
+
+	anim.LoopCount = 0
+	anim.BackgroundIndex = 0
+	return gif.EncodeAll(w, anim)
+}
diff --git a/backend/pkg/splitsprite/splitsprite.go b/backend/pkg/splitsprite/splitsprite.go
index d63c5a4..3166b34 100755
--- a/backend/pkg/splitsprite/splitsprite.go
+++ b/backend/pkg/splitsprite/splitsprite.go
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Package splitsprite provides PNG sprite sheet splitting utilities.
 //
-// Pipeline: green screen removal → projection-based gap detection →
+// Pipeline: white/green background removal → projection-based gap detection →
 // split into tiles → filter out low-fill tiles → trim transparent edges.
 package splitsprite
 
@@ -15,11 +15,23 @@ import (
 
 // Options configures the sprite sheet splitting pipeline.
 type Options struct {
+	// WhiteBg enables white background removal.
+	WhiteBg bool
+	// WhiteThreshold is the max distance from pure white (0–255, default 40).
+	WhiteThreshold uint8
+
 	// GreenScreen enables green background removal.
 	GreenScreen bool
 	// GreenTolerance controls how aggressively green pixels are removed (0–1, default 0.2).
 	GreenTolerance float64
 
+	// GridRows / GridCols enable fixed-grid splitting (overrides projection detection).
+	// When >0, the image is divided equally into Rows×Cols cells.
+	GridRows int
+	GridCols int
+	// GridPadding is the gap between cells in pixels (default 2).
+	GridPadding int
+
 	// GapThreshold is the max fraction of non-transparent pixels a row/column
 	// can have to be considered a gap (0–1, default 0.03).
 	GapThreshold float64
@@ -32,24 +44,42 @@ type Options struct {
 
 	// Trim removes transparent borders from output tiles.
 	Trim bool
+	// CenterAlign centers content across all frames so characters stay in place.
+	// All output frames get the same dimensions with content centered.
+	CenterAlign bool
 	// OutW / OutH specify the output tile size (0 = keep original).
 	OutW, OutH int
 }
 
-// DefaultOptions returns sensible default splitting options.
+// DefaultOptions returns sensible default splitting options (white background mode).
 func DefaultOptions() *Options {
+	return &Options{
+		WhiteBg:        true,
+		WhiteThreshold: 40,
+		GapThreshold:   0.03,
+		MinGapWidth:    2,
+		MinFillRatio:   0.14,
+		Trim:           true,
+		CenterAlign:    true,
+	}
+}
+
+// DefaultGreenOptions returns options tuned for green screen sprite sheets.
+func DefaultGreenOptions() *Options {
 	return &Options{
 		GreenScreen:    true,
 		GreenTolerance: 0.2,
 		GapThreshold:   0.03,
 		MinGapWidth:    2,
-		MinFillRatio:   0.3,
+		MinFillRatio:   0.14,
 		Trim:           true,
+		CenterAlign:    true,
 	}
 }
 
 // Process splits a sprite sheet image into individual cleaned tile images.
-// It runs the full pipeline: green screen removal → split → trim → resize.
+// It runs the full pipeline: background removal → split → trim → resize.
+// When GridRows/GridCols > 0, fixed-grid splitting is used instead of projection detection.
 func Process(img image.Image, opts *Options) ([]image.Image, error) {
 	if opts == nil {
 		opts = DefaultOptions()
@@ -57,13 +87,20 @@ func Process(img image.Image, opts *Options) ([]image.Image, error) {
 
 	src := toRGBA(img)
 
-	if opts.GreenScreen {
+	if opts.WhiteBg {
+		src = removeWhiteBg(src, opts.WhiteThreshold)
+	} else if opts.GreenScreen {
 		src = removeGreenScreen(src, opts.GreenTolerance)
 	}
 
-	tiles := projectionSplit(src, opts.GapThreshold, opts.MinGapWidth, opts.MinFillRatio)
+	var tiles []tile
+	if opts.GridRows > 0 && opts.GridCols > 0 {
+		tiles = fixedGridSplit(src, opts.GridRows, opts.GridCols, opts.GridPadding, opts.MinFillRatio)
+	} else {
+		tiles = projectionSplit(src, opts.GapThreshold, opts.MinGapWidth, opts.MinFillRatio)
+	}
 	if len(tiles) == 0 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no tiles detected — try lowering GapThreshold or adjusting GreenTolerance")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no tiles detected — try lowering GapThreshold or setting GridRows/GridCols")
 	}
 
 	results := make([]image.Image, len(tiles))
@@ -79,9 +116,102 @@ func Process(img image.Image, opts *Options) ([]image.Image, error) {
 		}
 		results[i] = sub
 	}
+
+	if opts.CenterAlign && len(results) > 1 {
+		results = alignCenter(results)
+	}
+
 	return results, nil
 }
 
+// RemoveWhiteBg removes near-white background pixels, making them transparent.
+func RemoveWhiteBg(img image.Image, threshold uint8) image.Image {
+	return removeWhiteBg(toRGBA(img), threshold)
+}
+
+// CenterFrames centers the content of each frame within a uniform canvas so
+// characters stay in place across frames.
+func CenterFrames(frames []image.Image) []image.Image {
+	return alignCenter(frames)
+}
+
+// alignCenter aligns all frames to a uniform canvas with a fixed reference point.
+// Uses bottom-center alignment so characters share a common ground plane across frames,
+// preventing drift/jitter in animation playback.
+func alignCenter(frames []image.Image) []image.Image {
+	type contentBox struct {
+		minX, minY, maxX, maxY int
+	}
+	boxes := make([]contentBox, len(frames))
+	maxCW, maxCH := 0, 0
+
+	for i, f := range frames {
+		b := f.Bounds()
+		minX, minY := b.Max.X, b.Max.Y
+		maxX, maxY := b.Min.X, b.Min.Y
+		hasContent := false
+		for y := b.Min.Y; y < b.Max.Y; y++ {
+			for x := b.Min.X; x < b.Max.X; x++ {
+				_, _, _, a := f.At(x, y).RGBA()
+				if a > 0 {
+					hasContent = true
+					if x < minX {
+						minX = x
+					}
+					if x > maxX {
+						maxX = x
+					}
+					if y < minY {
+						minY = y
+					}
+					if y > maxY {
+						maxY = y
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if !hasContent {
+			boxes[i] = contentBox{0, 0, b.Dx(), b.Dy()}
+		} else {
+			boxes[i] = contentBox{minX, minY, maxX, maxY}
+		}
+		cw := boxes[i].maxX - boxes[i].minX + 1
+		ch := boxes[i].maxY - boxes[i].minY + 1
+		if cw > maxCW {
+			maxCW = cw
+		}
+		if ch > maxCH {
+			maxCH = ch
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Uniform canvas with 10% padding
+	canvasW := maxCW * 11 / 10
+	canvasH := maxCH * 11 / 10
+	// Fixed X center reference: anchor all frames to the same horizontal center
+	fixedCenterX := canvasW / 2
+
+	out := make([]image.Image, len(frames))
+	for i, f := range frames {
+		cb := boxes[i]
+		cw := cb.maxX - cb.minX + 1
+		ch := cb.maxY - cb.minY + 1
+		// All frames share the same center-X and bottom-Y anchor
+		ox := fixedCenterX - cw/2 // consistent horizontal center
+		oy := canvasH - ch        // bottom-align: feet planted at same Y
+
+		canvas := image.NewRGBA(image.Rect(0, 0, canvasW, canvasH))
+		draw.Draw(canvas,
+			image.Rect(ox, oy, ox+cw, oy+ch),
+			f,
+			image.Point{cb.minX, cb.minY},
+			draw.Src,
+		)
+		out[i] = canvas
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
 // RemoveGreenScreen removes green-dominant background pixels, making them transparent.
 func RemoveGreenScreen(img image.Image, tol float64) image.Image {
 	return removeGreenScreen(toRGBA(img), tol)
@@ -105,6 +235,37 @@ type tile struct {
 	x, y, w, h int
 }
 
+// removeWhiteBg removes pixels close to pure white (R,G,B all within threshold of 255).
+func removeWhiteBg(rgba *image.RGBA, threshold uint8) *image.RGBA {
+	if threshold == 0 {
+		threshold = 40
+	}
+	b := rgba.Bounds()
+	dst := image.NewRGBA(b)
+	draw.Draw(dst, b, rgba, b.Min, draw.Src)
+
+	for y := b.Min.Y; y < b.Max.Y; y++ {
+		for x := b.Min.X; x < b.Max.X; x++ {
+			r, g, bl, a := rgba.At(x, y).RGBA()
+			if a == 0 {
+				continue
+			}
+			r8, g8, b8 := uint8(r>>8), uint8(g>>8), uint8(bl>>8)
+			// Distance from pure white
+			dist := max(int(255-r8), max(int(255-g8), int(255-b8)))
+			if dist < int(threshold)/2 {
+				// Very close to white — fully transparent
+				dst.SetRGBA(x, y, color.RGBA{R: r8, G: g8, B: b8, A: 0})
+			} else if dist < int(threshold) {
+				// Semi-white — fade alpha
+				alpha := float64(dist-int(threshold)/2) / float64(int(threshold)/2)
+				dst.SetRGBA(x, y, color.RGBA{R: r8, G: g8, B: b8, A: uint8(alpha * 255)})
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
 func removeGreenScreen(rgba *image.RGBA, tol float64) *image.RGBA {
 	b := rgba.Bounds()
 	dst := image.NewRGBA(b)
@@ -132,6 +293,36 @@ func removeGreenScreen(rgba *image.RGBA, tol float64) *image.RGBA {
 	return dst
 }
 
+// fixedGridSplit divides the image into Rows×Cols equally-sized cells,
+// accounting for a fixed padding between cells.
+func fixedGridSplit(rgba *image.RGBA, rows, cols, padding int, minFill float64) []tile {
+	b := rgba.Bounds()
+	W, H := b.Dx(), b.Dy()
+
+	if padding < 0 {
+		padding = 0
+	}
+	totalPadW := padding * (cols + 1)
+	totalPadH := padding * (rows + 1)
+	cellW := (W - totalPadW) / cols
+	cellH := (H - totalPadH) / rows
+	if cellW <= 0 || cellH <= 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var tiles []tile
+	for r := 0; r < rows; r++ {
+		for c := 0; c < cols; c++ {
+			x := padding + c*(cellW+padding)
+			y := padding + r*(cellH+padding)
+			if tileFillRatio(rgba, x, y, cellW, cellH) >= minFill {
+				tiles = append(tiles, tile{x: x, y: y, w: cellW, h: cellH})
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return tiles
+}
+
 func projectionSplit(rgba *image.RGBA, gapThreshold float64, minGap int, minFill float64) []tile {
 	bounds := rgba.Bounds()
 	W, H := bounds.Dx(), bounds.Dy()
@@ -196,6 +387,90 @@ func tileFillRatio(rgba *image.RGBA, x0, y0, w, h int) float64 {
 }
 
 func findCuts(ratios []float64, threshold float64, minGap int) []int {
+	n := len(ratios)
+	if n == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Smooth the ratio curve with a moving average (kernel size = minGap)
+	smoothed := make([]float64, n)
+	kernel := max(minGap, 3)
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		sum := 0.0
+		count := 0
+		for j := max(0, i-kernel/2); j < min(n, i+kernel/2+1); j++ {
+			sum += ratios[j]
+			count++
+		}
+		if count > 0 {
+			smoothed[i] = sum / float64(count)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Compute mean to use as reference
+	mean := 0.0
+	for _, r := range smoothed {
+		mean += r
+	}
+	mean /= float64(n)
+
+	// Find peaks: contiguous regions where smoothed ratio > mean*1.2
+	type segment struct{ start, end int }
+	var peaks []segment
+	i := 0
+	for i < n {
+		if smoothed[i] > mean*1.2 {
+			start := i
+			for i < n && smoothed[i] > mean*0.8 {
+				i++
+			}
+			peaks = append(peaks, segment{start, i})
+		} else {
+			i++
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(peaks) < 2 {
+		// Fallback: use threshold-based gap detection
+		return findCutsByGap(ratios, threshold, minGap)
+	}
+
+	// Find valleys between adjacent peaks (minimum smoothed ratio between them)
+	cuts := []int{0}
+	for p := 0; p < len(peaks)-1; p++ {
+		valleyStart := peaks[p].end
+		valleyEnd := peaks[p+1].start
+		if valleyStart >= valleyEnd {
+			// Peaks adjacent — cut at midpoint
+			cuts = append(cuts, (peaks[p].end+peaks[p+1].start)/2)
+			continue
+		}
+		// Find minimum in the valley region
+		minIdx := valleyStart
+		minVal := smoothed[valleyStart]
+		for j := valleyStart + 1; j < valleyEnd; j++ {
+			if smoothed[j] < minVal {
+				minVal = smoothed[j]
+				minIdx = j
+			}
+		}
+		cuts = append(cuts, minIdx)
+	}
+	cuts = append(cuts, n)
+	sort.Ints(cuts)
+
+	// Deduplicate
+	dedup := cuts[:1]
+	for j := 1; j < len(cuts); j++ {
+		if cuts[j] != dedup[len(dedup)-1] {
+			dedup = append(dedup, cuts[j])
+		}
+	}
+	return dedup
+}
+
+// findCutsByGap is the original threshold-based fallback.
+func findCutsByGap(ratios []float64, threshold float64, minGap int) []int {
 	n := len(ratios)
 	isGap := make([]bool, n)
 	for i, r := range ratios {
diff --git a/backend/tools/test_prompt_to_gif.go b/backend/tools/test_prompt_to_gif.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b9d3b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/tools/test_prompt_to_gif.go
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+//go:build ignore
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"image"
+	"image/png"
+	"os"
+
+	"gen2d/internal/config"
+	"gen2d/internal/service"
+	"gen2d/pkg/gifmaker"
+	"gen2d/pkg/splitsprite"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	cfg := config.Load()
+	service.InitLLMConfig(cfg.LLM)
+	service.InitImageGenConfig(cfg.ImageGen)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// 1. PromptAgent 优化提示词
+	fmt.Println("=== Step 1: Optimize prompt via PromptAgent ===")
+	agentIn := service.PromptAgentInput{
+		Tags:      []string{"像素", "横版动作", "大剑战士", "精灵表", "4x4网格"},
+		AssetType: "sprite",
+		Prompt:    "生成一个2D横版动作游戏角色的连续攻击连招精灵表，侧视角，4行4列网格排列",
+		UserNote:  "角色为持大剑的战士，连招包含4段攻击：横斩→上挑→跳劈→终结重击。每段攻击4帧关键帧，共16帧，按4行×4列网格排列。帧间留8-16px纯白间隙(#FFFFFF)。要求动作流畅有力量感，大剑挥舞轨迹清晰",
+	}
+	out, err := service.RunPromptAgent(ctx, agentIn)
+	if err != nil {
+		fatalf("PromptAgent failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Optimized prompt:\n%s\n\n", out.Prompt)
+
+	// 2. 调用文生图 API
+	fmt.Println("=== Step 2: Generate sprite sheet via image API ===")
+	params := service.AssetParams{
+		Resolution: 1536,
+		Format:     "spritesheet",
+	}
+	images, err := service.GenerateImages(ctx, out.Prompt, params)
+	if err != nil {
+		fatalf("GenerateImages failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(images) == 0 {
+		fatalf("no images generated")
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Generated %d image(s), size=%dx%d\n", len(images), images[0].Width, images[0].Height)
+
+	os.MkdirAll("test_output", 0755)
+
+	// 保存原始精灵表
+	sheetPath := "test_output/sprite_sheet.png"
+	if err := os.WriteFile(sheetPath, images[0].Data, 0644); err != nil {
+		fatalf("save sheet: %v", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Saved sprite sheet → %s (%d bytes)\n", sheetPath, len(images[0].Data))
+
+	// 3. splitsprite: 洗白底 → 波谷投影拆分 → 有效像素≥40% → 裁切像素边界 → 统一最大分辨率居中
+	fmt.Println("\n=== Step 3: Wash white bg → valley projection split → trim → center align ===")
+	sheetImg, err := decodePNG(images[0].Data)
+	if err != nil {
+		fatalf("decode sheet: %v", err)
+	}
+	opts := splitsprite.DefaultOptions() // WhiteBg=true, MinFillRatio=0.4, CenterAlign=true
+	frames, err := splitsprite.Process(sheetImg, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		fatalf("split failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Detected %d frames\n", len(frames))
+
+	// 保存单帧
+	for i, f := range frames {
+		fn := fmt.Sprintf("test_output/frame_%03d.png", i)
+		if err := savePNG(fn, f); err != nil {
+			fatalf("save frame %d: %v", i, err)
+		}
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Saved %d frames → test_output/frame_*.png\n", len(frames))
+
+	// 4. 生成 GIF 预览
+	fmt.Println("\n=== Step 4: Generate GIF preview ===")
+	gifPath := "test_output/preview.gif"
+	if err := gifmaker.Save(gifPath, frames, nil); err != nil {
+		fatalf("generate GIF: %v", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("GIF preview → %s (%d frames)\n", gifPath, len(frames))
+
+	fmt.Println("\n=== Done ===")
+	fmt.Println("Output files:")
+	fmt.Println("  test_output/sprite_sheet.png  — original sprite sheet")
+	fmt.Println("  test_output/frame_*.png       — individual frames")
+	fmt.Println("  test_output/preview.gif       — animated GIF preview")
+}
+
+func decodePNG(data []byte) (image.Image, error) {
+	img, _, err := image.Decode(bytes.NewReader(data))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return img, nil
+}
+
+func savePNG(path string, img image.Image) error {
+	f, err := os.Create(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	return png.Encode(f, img)
+}
+
+func fatalf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, format+"\n", args...)
+	os.Exit(1)
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/stores/generation.ts b/frontend/src/stores/generation.ts
index 6686a2f..9f740ea 100755
--- a/frontend/src/stores/generation.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/stores/generation.ts
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ export const useGenerationStore = create<GenerationState>((set) => ({
 
 function stageLabel(stage?: string): string {
   switch (stage) {
-    case 'prompt_builder': return '优化提示词...'
+    case 'prompt_builder': return '构建提示词...'
     case 'asset_generator': return '生成素材中...'
     case 'quality_supervisor': return '质检中...'
     case 'format_adapter': return '格式转换中...'