47 lines
1.3 KiB
Markdown
47 lines
1.3 KiB
Markdown
|
---
|
|||
|
|
tags: [go, concurrency, goroutine]
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## Go 并发模式概述
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Go 语言的并发模型基于 CSP（Communicating Sequential Processes）理论，核心思想是"通过通信共享内存，而不是通过共享内存通信"。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## Goroutine 基础
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Goroutine 是 Go 运行时管理的轻量级线程。创建一个 goroutine 只需要在函数调用前加上 `go` 关键字：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```go
|
|||
|
|
go func() {
|
|||
|
|
fmt.Println("Hello from goroutine")
|
|||
|
|
}()
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Goroutine 的初始栈大小只有 2KB，远小于操作系统线程的 1-2MB，因此可以轻松创建数十万个 goroutine。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## Channel 通信
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Channel 是 goroutine 之间通信的管道：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```go
|
|||
|
|
ch := make(chan int, 10) // 带缓冲的 channel
|
|||
|
|
ch <- 42 // 发送
|
|||
|
|
value := <-ch // 接收
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 常见并发模式
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Fan-out/Fan-in
|
|||
|
|
将任务分发给多个 goroutine 并行处理，然后汇总结果。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Pipeline
|
|||
|
|
将处理流程分成多个阶段，每个阶段是一个 goroutine，通过 channel 串联。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Worker Pool
|
|||
|
|
固定数量的 worker goroutine 从任务队列中取任务执行。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 常见陷阱
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. **Goroutine 泄漏**：goroutine 阻塞在 channel 上无法退出
|
|||
|
|
2. **Race Condition**：多个 goroutine 同时读写共享变量
|
|||
|
|
3. **Deadlock**：所有 goroutine 都在等待对方
|