198 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
198 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
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# 15. 配置级联机制
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> **一句话概括**：Viper 三层配置级联 — YAML 文件 -> 环境变量 -> 默认值，一处配置随处运行。
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---
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## 配置加载流程
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```mermaid
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flowchart LR
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subgraph "配置源（优先级从低到高）"
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D["默认值\nsetDefaults()"]
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Y["YAML 文件\nconfig.yaml"]
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E["环境变量\n.env / system env"]
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end
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subgraph "Viper 引擎"
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V["Viper\n合并 + 覆盖"]
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end
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subgraph "输出"
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C["Config Struct\n全局配置对象"]
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S["各组件\nServer / DB / Redis / ..."]
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end
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D -->|"1. 设置默认值"| V
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Y -->|"2. 读取 YAML"| V
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E -->|"3. 绑定 ENV"| V
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V -->|"Unmarshal"| C
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C -->|"注入"| S
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style D fill:#9e9e9e,stroke:#333,color:#fff
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style Y fill:#2196f3,stroke:#333,color:#fff
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style E fill:#f44336,stroke:#333,color:#fff
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style V fill:#ff9800,stroke:#333,color:#fff
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```
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**优先级规则**：`ENV > YAML > Default`
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环境变量始终拥有最高优先级，可以覆盖任何 YAML 配置；YAML 配置覆盖默认值。
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---
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## 配置结构体
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```go
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type Config struct {
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Server ServerConfig // HTTP 服务
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Database DatabaseConfig // MySQL 数据库
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JWT JWTConfig // JWT 签名
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Log LogConfig // 日志
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Redis RedisConfig // Redis 缓存
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LLM LLMConfig // 大语言模型
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ImageGen ImageGenConfig // 文生图 API
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Qiniu QiniuConfig // 七牛云存储
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WorkerPool WorkerPoolConfig // 协程池
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TaskQueue TaskQueueConfig // 任务队列
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}
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```
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| 配置块 | 关键字段 | 默认值 |
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|--------|----------|--------|
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| `Server` | `port`, `mode` | `8080`, `debug` |
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| `Database` | `dsn` | `gen2d:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/gen2d` |
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| `JWT` | `secret`, `expire` | `gen2d-dev-secret`, `7200s` |
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| `Log` | `level`, `format` | `info`, `text` |
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| `Redis` | `addr`, `password`, `db` | `localhost:6379`, `""`, `0` |
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| `LLM` | `base_url`, `api_key`, `model` | `api.openai.com/v1`, `""`, `gpt-4o` |
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| `ImageGen` | `base_url`, `model`, `timeout` | `api.suchuang.vip/v1`, `gpt-image-2-token`, `120s` |
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| `Qiniu` | `bucket`, `cdn_host`, `url_expire` | `""`, `""`, `3600s` |
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| `WorkerPool` | `workers`, `queue_size`, `max_per_user` | `NumCPU*4`, `100`, `2` |
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| `TaskQueue` | `driver`, `memory.buffer_size` | `memory`, `100` |
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---
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## 环境变量绑定
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每个配置字段都有对应的环境变量绑定，命名规则为 `GEN2D_` 前缀 + 大写下划线格式：
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```go
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func bindEnvVars(v *viper.Viper) {
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v.BindEnv("server.port", "GEN2D_PORT")
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v.BindEnv("server.mode", "GEN2D_MODE")
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v.BindEnv("database.dsn", "GEN2D_DSN")
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v.BindEnv("jwt.secret", "GEN2D_JWT_SECRET")
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v.BindEnv("llm.api_key", "GEN2D_LLM_API_KEY")
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v.BindEnv("redis.addr", "GEN2D_REDIS_ADDR")
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v.BindEnv("qiniu.access_key", "GEN2D_QINIU_ACCESS_KEY")
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// ... 共 25+ 个绑定
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}
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```
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| 配置路径 | 环境变量 | 说明 |
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|----------|----------|------|
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| `server.port` | `GEN2D_PORT` | HTTP 端口 |
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| `server.mode` | `GEN2D_MODE` | `debug` / `release` |
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| `database.dsn` | `GEN2D_DSN` | MySQL 连接串 |
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| `jwt.secret` | `GEN2D_JWT_SECRET` | JWT 签名密钥 |
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| `llm.base_url` | `GEN2D_LLM_BASE_URL` | LLM API 地址 |
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| `llm.api_key` | `GEN2D_LLM_API_KEY` | LLM API 密钥 |
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| `image_gen.base_url` | `GEN2D_IMAGE_BASE_URL` | 文生图 API 地址 |
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| `redis.addr` | `GEN2D_REDIS_ADDR` | Redis 地址 |
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| `taskqueue.driver` | `GEN2D_TASKQUEUE_DRIVER` | `memory` / `rabbitmq` |
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---
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## 使用场景
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```mermaid
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flowchart TD
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subgraph "开发环境"
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D1["config.yaml\n本地配置文件"]
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D2[".env\n环境变量覆盖敏感值"]
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D3["默认值\n开箱即用"]
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end
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subgraph "测试环境"
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T1["环境变量\nCI/CD 管线注入"]
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T2["默认值\n兜底"]
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end
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subgraph "生产环境"
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P1["K8s ConfigMap\n非敏感配置"]
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P2["K8s Secret\n敏感配置（密钥、DSN）"]
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P3["默认值\n兜底"]
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end
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D1 --> D3
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D2 --> D1
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T1 --> T2
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P1 --> P3
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P2 --> P1
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```
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| 环境 | 主配置源 | 敏感配置 | 说明 |
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|------|----------|----------|------|
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| 开发 | `config.yaml` | `.env` 文件 | 直观、可版本控制 |
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| 测试 | 环境变量 | 环境变量 | CI/CD 管线注入 |
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| 生产 | ConfigMap | Secret | K8s 原生管理 |
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---
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## 加载过程详解
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```mermaid
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sequenceDiagram
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participant Main as main.go
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participant Viper
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participant YAML as config.yaml
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participant ENV as 环境变量
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participant Cfg as Config Struct
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Main->>Viper: Load()
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Main->>Viper: setDefaults(v)
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Note over Viper: 设置 25+ 默认值
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Viper->>YAML: ReadInConfig()
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YAML-->>Viper: 配置内容
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Viper->>Viper: bindEnvVars(v)
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Note over Viper: 绑定 25+ 环境变量
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Viper->>ENV: 读取环境变量
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ENV-->>Viper: 覆盖对应字段
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Viper->>Cfg: Unmarshal(&cfg)
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Cfg-->>Main: 返回完整配置
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```
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关键步骤：
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1. **加载 `.env` 文件** — `godotenv.Load()` 从项目根目录读取 `.env`
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2. **设置默认值** — `setDefaults(v)` 为所有字段提供合理的默认值
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3. **读取 YAML** — `v.ReadInConfig()` 从 `internal/config/config.yaml` 加载
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4. **绑定环境变量** — `bindEnvVars(v)` 将每个字段映射到 `GEN2D_*` 环境变量
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5. **反序列化** — `v.Unmarshal(&cfg)` 将合并后的配置映射到 Go 结构体
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> **容错设计**：YAML 文件不存在时不报错，仅使用环境变量 + 默认值。这确保了零配置即可启动。
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---
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## 与部署的关系
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配置级联机制与部署架构紧密配合：
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| 部署方式 | 配置策略 | 示例 |
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|----------|----------|------|
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| `go run` 本地开发 | YAML + `.env` | `config.yaml` 配置 DB，`.env` 配置 API Key |
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| `docker compose` | `.env` 文件注入 | `env_file: ./backend/.env` |
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| Kubernetes | ConfigMap + Secret | `GEN2D_DSN` 从 Secret 注入 |
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---
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## 关联文档
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| 文档 | 关系 |
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|------|------|
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| [14 - 部署架构](14-deployment.md) | 配置管理在部署中的应用 |
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| [01 - 系统总览](01-system-overview.md) | 配置在启动流程中的位置 |
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| [02 - 协程池](02-worker-pool.md) | WorkerPoolConfig 控制并发参数 |
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| [00 - 索引](00-index.md) | 返回文档总览 |
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