272 lines
6.6 KiB
Markdown
272 lines
6.6 KiB
Markdown
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---
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tags: [macos, dev-env, onboarding]
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create time: 2026-07-01 00:00
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---
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# macOS 开发环境配置指南
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## 概述
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面向 Mac 的通用开发环境搭建步骤，覆盖七牛云暑期实习开营前的工具链要求：Git / SSH、Node.js（nvm + pnpm）、TypeScript、Go（GOPROXY）、AI Coding Agent 和 GitHub CLI。按顺序执行即可，每条末尾附验证命令。
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## 前置条件
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- macOS 12 Monterey 或更高版本
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- 系统自带 **Terminal**，推荐使用 **iTerm2**
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```bash
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brew install iterm2
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```
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## 一、Homebrew
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详见 [[mac-dev-env-setup/homebrew-intro]]（安装步骤与常见命令在此简述，进阶用法见独立文档）。
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Homebrew 是 macOS 最重要的包管理器，后续所有工具都通过它安装。
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```bash
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/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
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```
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首次安装后把 brew 加入 PATH（ARM Mac / Intel Mac 不同，按终端输出的提示操作）：
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```bash
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# ARM Mac（M1/M2/M3/M4）
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echo 'eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"' >> ~/.zprofile
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eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"
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# Intel Mac
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echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
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source ~/.zshrc
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```
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验证：
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```bash
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brew --version
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```
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### 常用 brew 命令速查
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| 用途 | 命令 |
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|------|------|
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| 搜索 | `brew search <name>` |
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| 安装 | `brew install <name>` |
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| 卸载 | `brew uninstall <name>` |
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| 升级所有已装包 | `brew upgrade` |
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| 清理缓存 | `brew cleanup` |
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| 列出可升级包 | `brew outdated` |
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## 二、Git & SSH
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详见 [[mac-dev-env-setup/git-ssh-config]]（双账号密钥路由、~/.ssh/config 配置机制、连接排障）。
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```bash
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brew install git
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git --version # 验证
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```
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### SSH Key 生成速查
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```bash
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# GitHub
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ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "hezhaohui0807@163.com" -f ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_github
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# Gitea
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ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "hezhaohui0807@163.com" -f ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_gitea
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```
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公钥分别粘贴到对应平台的 SSH Keys 设置页。详细 Host 别名配置见子文档。
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### Git 基础配置
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```bash
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git config --global user.name "hezhaohui"
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git config --global user.email "hezhaohui0807@163.com"
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git config --global core.autocrlf input
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git config --global init.defaultBranch main
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```
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## 三、Node.js + pnpm
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详见 [[mac-dev-env-setup/node-nvm-pnpm]]（nvm 版本管理机制、Corepack 零开销调度器、pnpm 硬链接存储模型）。
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### nvm 速查
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```bash
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brew install nvm
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mkdir -p ~/nvm
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```
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在 `~/.zshrc` 中追加（完整脚本见子文档）：
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```bash
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export NVM_DIR="$HOME/nvm"
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[ -s "$(brew --prefix)/opt/nvm/nvm.sh" ] && . "$(brew --prefix)/opt/nvm/nvm.sh"
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EOF
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source ~/.zshrc
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```
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### pnpm
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```bash
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corepack enable
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corepack prepare pnpm@latest --activate
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```
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详见子文档了解 Corepack 机制、pnpm workspace 与 store 管理。
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### VS Code（推荐）
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```bash
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brew install --cask visual-studio-code
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```
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然后在 VS Code 中打开扩展面板，搜索并安装以下插件：
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- ESLint
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- Prettier
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- TypeScript Debugger
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## 四、TypeScript
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```bash
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npm install -g typescript
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```
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验证：
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```bash
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tsc -v # 如 v5.6.3
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```
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## 五、Go
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详见 [[mac-dev-env-setup/go-module-proxy]]（GOPROXY 代理链原理、GOSUMDB 校验机制、Go Workspace / vendor 模式）。
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```bash
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brew install go
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go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct
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```
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验证：
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```bash
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go version # 如 go1.23.x
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go env GOPROXY # 应输出：https://goproxy.cn,direct
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```
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### VS Code Go 插件
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VS Code 扩展面板搜索安装 **Go**（by Gore-Multi），安装后会弹出提示是否安装 Go 工具链子组件，点 **Install All** 即可。
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## 六、Python（按需）
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如果所在组使用 Python 栈，提前装好：
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```bash
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brew install python@3.12
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python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
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python3 -m venv ~/venvs/default
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source ~/venvs/default/bin/activate
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```
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### uv（可选，更快的 Python 包管理器）
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```bash
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brew install uv
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```
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## 七、Java（按需）
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```bash
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brew install --cask temurin
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# 或
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brew install openjdk@17
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```
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在 `~/.zshrc` 中加入 JAVA_HOME：
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```bash
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export JAVA_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v 17)
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```
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## 八、GitHub CLI
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详见 [[mac-dev-env-setup/gh-cli-commands]]（PR / Issue / Fork 常用命令与完整工作流）。
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```bash
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brew install gh
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gh auth login # 按提示登录 GitHub 账号
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gh --version # 验证
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```
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### 日常高频命令速查
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| 操作 | 命令 |
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|------|------|
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| Clone 仓库 | `gh repo clone owner/repo` |
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| Fork + 克隆 | `gh repo fork owner/repo` |
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| Checkout PR | `gh pr checkout 12` |
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| 创建 PR | `gh pr create --title "feat: xxx" --body "desc"` |
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| 列出 Issues | `gh issue list --label bug` |
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| 查看自己的 PR/Issue | `gh pr status` / `gh issue status` |
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| 终端查看详情 | `gh pr view 42` / `gh issue view 42` |
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> [!tip] gh + Claude Code 协作
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> 先用 `gh issue list` 拉出任务，再让 Claude Code 在当前分支实现，比在浏览器切来切去高效得多。见 [[mac-dev-env-setup/ai-coding-agent]]。
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## 九、AI Coding Agent — Claude Code
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详见 [[mac-dev-env-setup/ai-coding-agent]]（Prompting 四原则、CLAUDE.md 上下文注入、与 gh CLI 组合工作流）。
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### 安装
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```bash
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npm install -g @anthropic-ai/claude-code
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```
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### 首次运行
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```bash
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claude
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```
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按提示登录 Anthropic 账号并配置 API Key。
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> [!info] 让 Claude Code 调用 GitHub CLI
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> Claude Code 可以原生理解仓库上下文，配合 `gh` 使用效果更好：先 `gh issue list` 查看任务，再让 Claude Code 直接在当前分支实现。
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## 十、VS Code 常用插件汇总
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| 插件名 | 用途 |
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|--------|------|
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| Go | Go 语言支持 |
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| ESLint | JS/TS 代码检查 |
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| Prettier | 代码格式化 |
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| GitLens | Git 增强 |
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| Error Lens | 行内错误提示 |
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| Thunder Client | API 调试（替代 Postman） |
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| Todo Tree | 自动收集 TODO/FIXME |
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| Remote - SSH | SSH 远程开发 |
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| Docker | Dockerfile / compose 支持 |
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一键批量安装（保存为 `extensions.txt` 后运行 `code --install-extension $(cat extensions.txt)`）：
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```text
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golang.go
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dbaeumer.vscode-eslint
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esbenp.prettier-vscode
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eamodio.gitlens
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bierner.markdown-preview-github-styles
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mutantdino.resourcemonitor
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```
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## 关联笔记
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- [[weekly/00-week-zero-prep-guide]] — 开营前预习指南（总览）
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- [[mac-dev-env-setup/homebrew-intro]] — Homebrew 深度指南
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- [[mac-dev-env-setup/git-ssh-config]] — Git & SSH 双账号路由与排障
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- [[mac-dev-env-setup/node-nvm-pnpm]] — nvm / Corepack / pnpm 工作原理
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- [[mac-dev-env-setup/go-module-proxy]] — Go Module 代理链与校验机制
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- [[mac-dev-env-setup/gh-cli-commands]] — GitHub CLI 常用命令与工作流
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- [[mac-dev-env-setup/ai-coding-agent]] — AI 编码提示词策略与安全边界
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